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Colombia
Not to be confused with Columbia.
For other uses, see Colombia (disambiguation).
Colombia (IPA: /kəˈlʌmbɪə/) officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia (help·info), IPA: [reˈpuβ̞lika ð̞e koˈlombja]), is a country located in the northwestern region of South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the North by the Atlantic Ocean, through the Caribbean Sea; to the north-west by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Besides the countries in South America, the Republic of Colombia is recognized to share maritime borders with the Caribbean countries of Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic and the Central American countries of Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.[1][2] Colombia is the 26th largest nation in the world and the fourth-largest country in South America (after Brazil, Argentina, and Peru), with an area more than twice that of France. In Latin America, it is also the country with the third highest population after Brazil and Mexico. The country currently suffers from a low-intensity conflict involving rebel guerrilla groups, paramilitary militias, drug trafficking and corruption. The conflict originated around 1964-1966, when the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN) were founded and began their guerrilla insurgency campaigns against successive Colombian government administrations, the conflict, has also caused Colombia's HDI to decline, it is affirmed, that Colombia's HDI would otherwise have reached 0.9, making Colombia a developed country.
EtymologyThe word "Colombia" comes from the name of Christopher Columbus (Cristóbal Colón in Spanish, Cristoforo Colombo in Italian). It was conceived by the revolutionary Francisco de Miranda as a reference to the New World, especially to all American territories and colonies under Spanish and Portuguese rule. The name was then adopted by the Republic of Colombia of 1819 formed by the union of Venezuela, New Granada and Ecuador. In 1830 when Venezuela and Ecuador separated, the Cundinamarca region that remained became a new country: the Republic of New Granada. In 1863 New Granada officially changed its name to United States of Colombia, and in 1886 adopted its present day name: Republic of Colombia. History
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0.790 Expression error: Unrecognised word "expression"(Culture
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- Colombian cuisine
- Music of Colombia
- Carnival in Colombia
- Festivals in Colombia
- Colombian handicrafts
- Iberoamerican Theater Festival
- Universities in Colombia
- Monuments and memorials in Colombia
- National symbols of Colombia
- People
- Entertainment
- Art-related
- Fernando Botero's museum (Medellín - Museo de Antioquia)
- Bank of Republic Collection (Bogotá)
- Salón de Artistas Colombianos
- Museums
- Gold Museum (Bogotá downtown)
- Quimbaya museum (Armenia, Quindío)
- Archeological Museum of Pasca (Pasca)
- San Felipe Castle (Cartagena, Colombia)
- Museo Nacional (Colombian National Museum, downtown Bogotá)
- Food-related
Education
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- Afro-Colombian
- Colombian Armed Conflict
- Communications in Colombia
- Departments of Colombia
- Education in Colombia
- Foreign relations of Colombia
- Military of Colombia
- Water supply and sanitation in Colombia
- Happy Planet Index - in which Colombia ranks number two (by 2007)
- LGBT rights in Colombia
Bibliography
Internet
- ^ (Spanish) Tratados Internacionales limítrofes de Colombia
- ^ (Spanish) Colombia - Limites territoriales
- ^ Van der Hammen, T. and Correal, G. 1978: "Prehistoric man on the Sabana de Bogota: data for an ecologiacal prehistory"; Paleography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology 25:179-190
- ^ Broadbent, Sylvia 1964: Los Chibchas: organización socio-política. Série Latinoamericana 5. Bogotá: Facultad de Sociología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- ^ UNEP-WCMC Protected Areas Programme - Darién National Park. Retrieved on 2007-05-23.
- ^ Come to Sunny Colombia The Economist, 29 June 2006.
- ^ (Spanish) Polo Democratico Alternativo ¿Por qué la parapolítica? February 26, 2007. Retrieved on August 19, 2007
- ^ Benton, M. J.. (2001): "Biodiversity on land and in the sea.", en Geological Journal, vol. 36, N° 3-4
- ^ "South America Banks on Regional Strategy to Safeguard Quarter of Earth's Biodiversity", Conservation International. Retrieved on 2007-06-29.
- ^ Montanaro, Ann. A Concise History of Pop-up and Movable Books. Retrieved on 2007-02-01.
- ^ BusinessWeek, Colombia, The Most Extreme Emerging Market on Earth
- ^ Colombia - Travel, adventure, action, eco-tourism and backpacking community the world over with ExtremeTourist.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
- ^ "Hot Destination: Colombia", Christian Science Monitor, May 9, 2006.
- ^ International Tourist Arrivals by Country of Destination, Tourism Market Trends, 2005 Edition, World Tourism Organization.
- ^ Travel Channel, 5 Takes Latin America June 2007
- ^ a b Colombia, The World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, updated 12 December 2006.
- ^ Colombia, Human Development Report 2006, United Nations Development Programme.
- ^ Intute - World Guide - Colombia. Retrieved on 2007-03-08.
- ^ The Languages of Colombia
- ^ Religious Intelligence - Country Profile: Colombia (Republic of Colombia). Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
- ^ a b International Religious Freedom Report 2005, by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, November 8, 2005.
- ^ a b c Colombian Crime Statistics (1990s)
- ^ a b Coca cultivation in Andes stabilizes in 2005, farmers need help to find alternative livelihoods. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (June 20, 2006). Retrieved on December 29, 2006.
- ^ Colombian Crime Statistics(2005)
- ^ Colombian coca destruction(2007)
- ^ Press release from White House Office of National Drug Control Policy - "2004 Coca and Opium Poppy Estimates for Colombia and the Andes," March 25, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
- ^ http://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/Colombia "Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), Colombia
- ^ http://www.msmagazine.com/winter2007/newrights.asp "New Rights, Old Wrongs." Ms. Magazine, Winter 2007.
- ^ Colombia - Amnesty International. Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
- ^ Justice and Peace Law and Decree 128. Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
Books
- Academia Colombiana de Historia (1986), Historia extensa de Colombia (41 volúmenes). Bogotá: Ediciones Lerner, 1965-1986. (Obra completa)
- Barrios, Luis (1984), Historia de Colombia. Quinta edición, Bogotá: Editorial Cultural
- Bedoya F., Víctor A. (1944), Historia de Colombia: independencia y república con bases fundamentales en la colonia. Colección La Salle, Bogotá: Librería Stella
- Bushnell, David (1996), Colombia una nación a pesar de sí misma: de los tiempos precolombinos a nuestros días. Bogotá: Planeta Editores.
- Caballero Argaez, Carlos (1987), 50 años de economía: de la crisis del treinta a la del ochenta. Segunda edición, Colección Jorge Ortega Torres, Bogotá: Editorial Presencia, Asociación Bancaria de Colombia.
- Cadavid Misas, Roberto (2004), Cursillo de historia de Colombia: de la conquista a la independencia. Bogotá: Intermedio Editores.
- Calderón Schrader, Camilo; Gil, Antonio; Torras, Daniel (2001), Enciclopedia de Colombia (4 volúmenes). Barcelona: céano Grupo Editorial, 2001. (Obra completa)
- Calderón Schrader, Camilo (1993), Gran enciclopedia de Colombia (11 volúmenes). Bogotá: Círculo de Lectores. (obra completa)
- Cavelier Gaviria, Germán (2003), Centenario de Panamá: una historia de la separación de Colombia en 1903. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia.
- Forero, Manuel José (1946), Historia analítica de Colombia desde los orígenes de la independencia nacional. Segunda edición, Bogotá: Librería Voluntad.
- Gómez Hoyos, Rafael (1992), La independencia de Colombia. Madrid: Editorial Mapfre, Colecciones Mapfre 1492.
- Granados, Rafael María (1978), Historia general de Colombia: prehistoria, conquista, colonia, independencia y Repúbica. Octava edición, Bogotá: Imprenta Departamental Antonio Nariño.
- Hernández de Alba, Guillermo (2004), Como nació la República de Colombia. Colección Bolsilibros. Bogotá: Academia Colombiana de Historia.
- Hernández Becerra, Augusto (2001), Ordenamiento y desarreglo territorial en Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia,
- Hernández Rodríguez, Guillermo (1949), De los chibchas a la colonia y a la república. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Sección de Extensión Cultural.
- Jaramillo Uribe, Jaime; Tirado Mejía, Álvaro; Calderón Schrader, Camilo (2000), Nueva historia de Colombia (12 volúmenes). Bogotá: Planeta Colombiana Editorial. (Obra completa)
- Ocampo López, Javier (1999), El proceso ideológico de la emancipación en Colombia. Colección La Línea de Horizonte, Bogotá: Editorial Planeta.
- Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo (1998), Colombia indígena. Medellín: Hola Colina.
- Restrepo, José Manuel (1974), Historia de la revolución de la República de Colombia. Medellín: Editorial Bedout.
- Rivadeneira Vargas, Antonio José (2002), Historia constitucional de Colombia 1510-2000. Tunja: Editorial Bolivariana Internacional. Tercera edición.
- Tovar Pinzón, Hermes (1975), El movimiento campesino en Colombia durante los siglos XIX y XX. Bogotá : Ediciones Libres, segunda edición.
- Trujillo Muñoz Augusto (2001), Descentralización, regionalización y autonomía local. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
- Vidal Perdomo Jaime (2001), La Región en la Organización Territorial del Estado. Bogotá: Universidad del Rosario.
- Central Intelligence Agency: The World Factbook. 2005.
External links
Find more information on Colombia by searching Wikipedia's sister projects 
Dictionary definitions from Wiktionary 
Textbooks from Wikibooks 
Quotations from Wikiquote 
Source texts from Wikisource 
Images and media from Commons 
News stories from Wikinews 
Learning resources from Wikiversity Government
- (Spanish) Portal del Estado - Colombia Online Portal
- (Spanish) Presidencia de la República de Colombia - President
- (Spanish) Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo
- (Spanish) UNICEF en Colombia
- Banco de la República - Central Bank
- (Spanish) Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica - Statistics
- (Spanish) Instituto Nacional de Vías - Transport and Road Agency
- (Spanish) Senate of Colombia
- (Spanish) Colombia's House of representatives
- (Spanish) Colombia's Judicial branch
- (Spanish) Policia Nacional - Police
- Armada Nacional de Colombia - Navy
- Ejército Nacional de Colombia - Army
- (Spanish) Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad - Homeland Security
Other
- (Spanish) Colombian Stock Exchange
- Encyclopaedia Britannica Colombia Country Page
- CIA World Factbook - Colombia
- (Spanish) - Maps of Colombia - Major Cities Maps
- (Spanish) El Colombiano Website for U.S. Weekly Newspaper Serving Colombian-American and Hispanic communities in South Florida
- (Spanish) - Web Directory of Artists and Cultural institutions from Colombia
- IDP Voices - website that lets Colombia's displaced people tell their life stories in their own words
- Colombia travel guide from Wikitravel
Geographic locale Departments of ColombiaCountries of South AmericaCountries and territories also in or commonly reckoned elsewhere in the Americas shown in italics 
Sovereign states
Argentina · Bolivia · Brazil · Chile · Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Panama · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Trinidad and Tobago · Uruguay · VenezuelaDependencies
Aruba (Netherlands) · Falkland Islands (UK) · French Guiana (France) · Netherlands Antilles (Netherlands) · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (UK)
